Avenue du Mont-Royal. Although at 233 metres many would call it a hill, Mount Royal dominates the skyline of Montreal. So named in 1535 by Jacques Cartier in honour of his patron King François I of France, the mountain gave its name to the island, as Île de Montréal; réal is an alternate form of royal in old French, though it may also come from the Italian version monte Reale applied by an Italian cartographer. The island in turn gave its name to the town, which had been founded under the name Ville-Marie.
The mountain is part of the Monteregian chain, to which it also gave its name (Mons Regius in Latin). It actually has three peaks: Westmount, Outremont, and Montreal. Contrary to popular belief, the mountain is not an extinct volcano; it is formed from magma extruded into the earth's crust, forming a very hard rock called gabbro. Afterwards, erosion of the surrounding softer rocks exposed the mountain.
Mount Royal Park, the jewel of downtown Montreal, was designed by the famous landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed Central Park in New York. (See also Parc.) Avenue du Mont-Royal is so called as it leads up to the foot of the mountain and the border of the park; it is also an important thoroughfare of the borough of Le Plateau-Mont-Royal.
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